What is Peroxidase?
Peroxidases are a large group of enzymes, mostly ferric heme proteins, that catalyze the oxidation of diverse substrates using hydrogen peroxide or organic peroxides, acting within the oxidoreductase group. They play essential roles in metabolic processes in bacteria, fungi, plants, and animals, including plant defense mechanisms, hormone regulation, and the removal of toxic reactive oxygen species.
Everything You Need to Know
What is the function of peroxidase?
Peroxidase is an enzyme that acts as a catalyst in biological processes involving oxidation, facilitating the conversion of harmful peroxides into less toxic substances. These enzymes play a crucial role in both plants and animals, promoting the oxidation of compounds without damaging cells.
What do thyroid peroxidase levels mean?
TPO antibodies in the blood may mean you have thyroid disease due to an immune system condition called Hashimoto's disease. With Hashimoto's disease, the immune system makes antibodies that attack healthy tissue by accident. Antibodies that attack the thyroid can cause swelling, called inflammation, in the gland.
What foods contain peroxidase?
The peroxidase-rich foods includ- ed cantaloupe and cauliflower (5-10 g having a peroxidase activity equivalent to 1.0 ml blood), cucumber (10...,. 20 g equivalent to 1.0 ml blood), and grapefruit and carrot (20- 50 g equivalent to 1.0 rp.
What is the difference between catalase and peroxidase?
Both enzymes use one molecule of hydrogen peroxide to form a high valent iron intermediate named Compound I (Cpd I). However, whereas catalase Cpd I oxidizes a second H(2)O(2) molecule to oxygen, peroxidases use this intermediate to oxidize other substrates rather than H(2)O(2).
Main Details:
Mechanism: These enzymes break down peroxides (𝐻2𝑂2) and catalyze oxidation, often reducing toxic compounds.
Biological Roles: In plants, they are involved in lignin biosynthesis and pathogen defense. In humans, they are involved in various physiological roles, though dysfunction can relate to diseases like cancer and diabetes.
Thyroid Peroxidase (TPO): A crucial enzyme in the thyroid gland involved in thyroid hormone production. High levels of TPO antibodies are associated with auto-immune conditions like Hashimoto's disease.
Industrial Applications: Because they can break down phenolic pollutants, they are used in industrial wastewater treatment, and in the food industry, with Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) being commonly used in laboratory diagnostics.
Examples: Common examples include Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP), Glutathione Peroxidase, and Thyroid Peroxidase.
Peroxidase can be used for treatment of industrial waste waters. For example, phenols, which are important pollutants, can be removed by enzyme-catalyzed polymerization using horseradish peroxidase. Thus phenols are oxidized to phenoxy radicals, which participate in reactions where polymers and oligomers are produced that are less toxic than phenols. It also can be used to convert toxic materials into less harmful substances.
There are many investigations about the use of peroxidase in many manufacturing processes like adhesives, computer chips, car parts, and linings of drums and cans. Other studies have shown that peroxidases may be used successfully to polymerize anilines and phenols in organic solvent matrices.
Peroxidases are sometimes used as histological markers. Cytochrome c peroxidase is used as a soluble, easily purified model for cytochrome c oxidase.
ANALYTICAL RESULTS
| Test Item | Method / Ref. | Specification | Result | Conclusion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Identification | In-house ID / label claim | Peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.7) | Conforms | Pass |
| Appearance | Visual | Light brown to reddish-brown lyophilized powder | Light brown powder | Pass |
| Enzyme Activity | Peroxidase assay / ABTS or pyrogallol-based supplier method | NLT 180 U/mg | 196 U/mg | Pass |
| Activity Unit Definition | Supplier-defined unit | Report only | U/mg reported | Pass |
| Solubility | Water solubility test | Soluble / dispersible in water | Conforms | Pass |
| Loss on Drying | Gravimetric | ≤ 8.0% | 4.1% | Pass |
| Lead (Pb) | ICP-MS / ICP-OES | ≤ 5.0 mg/kg | 0.18 mg/kg | Pass |
| Arsenic (As) | ICP-MS / ICP-OES | ≤ 3.0 mg/kg | 0.10 mg/kg | Pass |
| Cadmium (Cd) | ICP-MS / ICP-OES | ≤ 0.5 mg/kg | < 0.05 mg/kg | Pass |
| Mercury (Hg) | ICP-MS / ICP-OES | ≤ 0.5 mg/kg | < 0.01 mg/kg | Pass |
| Total Plate Count | Plate count | ≤ 50,000 CFU/g | 1.7 × 10³ CFU/g | Pass |
| Coliforms | Plate count | ≤ 30 CFU/g | < 10 CFU/g | Pass |
| E. coli | Absence test | Negative / 25 g | Not Detected | Pass |
| Salmonella | Absence test | Negative / 25 g | Not Detected | Pass |
Production Process
